![]() However, compared to vertebrates, the auditory sensory organs of insects are present in a wide variety and are not located near the center of the nervous system (cranial), but are found on various locations on their bodies (Hoy, 1996 Kamikouchi, 2013). The sensory part of the auditory system of animals consists of the tympanate ear, which acts as a pressure detector and is found in a variety of organisms, from invertebrates to vertebrates (Yager, 1999). Researching such species interactions not only increases the knowledge of how different organisms influence each other, but also informs us about evolution on a larger scale.Īnatomy of the acoustic sensory organ in insects: The tympanate ear Furthermore, studies have revealed that bats themselves have responded to the evolved detection and interference strategies of moth as well by changing the frequency and / or amplitude of signals during echolocation and by listening to the sound produced during the prey’s escape movements (Miller, 2001 Conner, 2011). Studies have also shown that nocturnal insects not only perform escape maneuvers after the detection of predators but also actively send back signals in order to startle and irritate the predators (Fournier, 2013 Miller, 2001 Corcoran, 2011 Nakano, 2015). Some nocturnal flying insects developed ears that are sensitive to ultrasound as a response to the echolocation predation strategies of various bats and can therefore be seen as a product of evolutionary adaptation (Windmill, 2006). The bat – moth model is a significant representative of coevolution and leads to a better understanding of prey – predator relationships and how organisms respond and adapt – behaviorally as well as morphologically – to their environment and increased predator pressure. The ability to detect acoustic signals generated by prey, predator, competitors (rivals) and applicable mates is crucial for survival and reproduction (Hoy, 1996 Yager, 1999). ![]() ![]() ![]() Using technological as well as molecular methods, studies provide knowledge and a better understanding of the structure as well as of the evolutionary development process of acoustic sensory organs in animals, especially in insects. Hearing organs are essential sensory systems for intraspecific communication as well as for detection and avoidance of predators. ![]()
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